Janusz Korczak: biography emfutshane, iifoto

Kweli hlabathi lanamhlanje abantu abaninzi bazi ukuba igama - Janusz Korczak. Biography edume Polish ugqirha, umbhali kunye utitshala wabetha uthando lwakhe olumangalisayo ubomi kunye nabantwana. Isiphelo sakhe yeengxaki feat yabantu Kuhle ukubona ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi.

Iminyaka yobuntwana nokufunda esikolweni

Igama Korczak yokwenene - Hirsch (kundwendwelo Polish UHenrik) Goldschmidt. Yena wazalwa yintsapho yamaYuda ebukumkanini Polish, nto leyo eyayiyinxalenye yoBukhosi baseRashiya ngo-1878.

Nangona isibakala sokuba angazange ukuya kwiminyaka ivuthiwe ubudala, ixesha elininzi ukubona esaphila J. Korczak. Biography ngokufutshane ayinako le ndebe ukudlula zonke iziganeko zobomi bakhe.

weza UHenrik evela intsapho ofundileyo: utatomkhulu wakhe waba ngugqirha, noyise - igqwetha. Ukuze bazive bekhululekile ngakumbi kuluntu Polish, Goldschmidt losapho ihlanganiswe kunye izibonda, ngakumbi kukugxininisa izithethe yamaYuda esizweni sakhe.

Umbhali elizayo Janusz Korczak (biography, iifoto apho, wenza njengomntwana, sixelele ngaye nje inkwenkwe esikwaziyo yaye ba- nxanelwe ulwazi) akabanga ingakumbi zempilo. Noko ke, ngenxa ngokolwazi lwakhe, yena ababhaliswe esikolweni ophambili Russian. Nibafundisa ukuba kwenziwe Russian, waza emva koko wafunda zonke iilwimi eziphambili abafileyo kunye mihla yaseYurophu. Nangona izinga eliphezulu uqeqesho, ootitshala akazange abonise umdla abafundi babo. Izabelo kugcwele odolo kakhulu kwatyatyamba isohlwayo ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nokulahla.

Kamva, Janusz Korczak (biography iyafumaneka kwaye kuya kuba kuhle-eyaziwayo iya kwenziwa ukuba abantwana) yaphawula ukuba lwavavanywa kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo bamsa ekudalweni seendlela entsha humanistic.

I bunzima yokuqala

Korchak Yanush batyhubela lukhulu. Kwibali lo mntu omkhulu isixelela uvavanyo yokuqala yobomi bakhe. Loo wayenguyise wokomoya yokugula kakhulu ukuba bafumanana xa eseneminyaka eli-11 kuphela ubudala. Yonke imali usapho esishiyekileyo unyango yomguli, ngoko ke Henrik oselula kwafuneka enze zokufundiswa ukuze baxhase iintsapho zabo ngemali.

Kwaye emva koko wavula imfundiso Talan emangalisayo abaselula, Henrik njengoko kungekho mntu wumbi unako ukufumana abafundi babo ulwimi, ngokuzolileyo ngenyameko ukubaphulaphula bafune uthando ngaphezu kwezinye ootitshala ngoncedo yentonga.

Janusz Korczak: biography ngokufutshane. Ukubiza ugqirha, umbhali kunye utitshala

Ngowe-1898, elandela umzekelo kayisemkhulu, emva ngaye igama UHenrik wangena Medical Faculty of the University of Warsaw. Kodwa lo mfana unomdla kungekuphela nje izinto amayeza, kodwa iingxaki pedagogy mihla. Nokuba sele eneminyaka eyi-18, wapapasha incwadi yakhe yokuqala zokufundisa othi "iqhina Gordian". Kweli nqaku, umbhali utyhola abazali zomhla wakhe ukuba benza ebomini babo ngaphezu nantoni na ngaphandle kwimfundo yabantwana babo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ukuba lugqithiselwa abongikazi kunye tutors, abo basoloko imisebenzi yabo nje azikwazi ukumelana ebomini.

Izimvo kule ncwadi kwiphephandaba lentsholongwane kangangokuba umhleli yale ncwadi wathunywa ukuba akhokele lonke icandelo oselula UHenrik phantsi kwegama elifanayo.

Kamva Korczak (biography ngokufutshane loo mntu senze kweli nqaku) ukubhala imithamo 22 imisebenzi enikelwe nemiba ukukhulisa abantwana.

Ngu imisebenzi yokufundisa practical UHenrik waqalisa kwangelo thuba. Ngowe-1903, yena ngocoselelo wafunda ngamava Pestalozzi, waqalisa ukusebenza njengoko ugqirha kunye nomfundisi kwenye yesibhedlele sabantwana lamaYuda, wajoyina uncedo yamaYuda Community iinkedama.

Formation kwezakhono zobungcali kunye ukuvulwa "House of iinkedama"

Emva kokufumana ngo-1905 idiploma esiqinisekisa ilungelo lokuba basebenzise amayeza, Janusz Korczak, ogama engobomi ubotshiwe ngonaphakade kunye amayeza, kwaye pedagogy, andizange khangela indawo nenzuzo.

Kangangexesha elithile, kuba ugqirha yasemkhosini (ngelo xesha kwakukho a severe imfazwe Russian-Japanese, ngoko ke abasebenzi zonyango yoBukhosi baseRashiya kwakufuneka kakhulu kunene), waza ke waya eYurophu ukudibana izimvo obubalaseleyo kwinkalo yemfundo kunye wezifo.

Yena Nangoku kwaziwa kakuhle, Noko ke, abhale kwaye zabavakalisa ngononophelo, esebenzisa igama lakhe - Janusz Korczak.

Abuyele kwilizwe lakhe, Korchak Yanush, ogama engobomi kunxulunyaniswa ngonaphakade kunye nabantwana bakhe, isuka kwezonyango uvule iziko yesisa phantsi kwegama "Indlu iinkedama." Ukususela 1911 de ekufeni kwakhe kabuhlungu, Korczak uza kukhokela eli ziko kwaye amandla yabo yonke imfundo yabantwana ngasekhohlo ngaphandle ukulondolozwa ngabazali.

umsebenzi wokufundisa

umsebenzi wokufundisa Active Janusz Korczak, kusinika isampuli yale ukuzahlulela kabani engobomi, idibanisa kunye esebenzayo ngokubhala. Ngokuthe ngcembe, igama lakhe yaziwa ngokubanzi, kukho abaxhasi abo ukuxhasa iinzame zalo ngemali.

Kwiminyaka yokuqala yomsebenzi wakhe nzima Korczak kunye neqabane lakhe Stefania Velchinskaya basebenze iiyure ezili-16 ngosuku, ungabi lula kakhulu ukumelana amanani elikhulu labantwana isiphetho ezaphukileyo, waphelelwa ukholo abantu.

Isiseko ngendlela yakhe yokufundisa Korczak Ubeka imfundo yokuziphatha. Kuloo minyaka efanayo, wapapasha incwadi kootitshala kunye nabazali osihloko sithi "Indlela ukuthanda umntwana?", Kule ncwadi, umbhali ubalisa ngezinto siseko engundoqo pedagogy yayo humanistic esekelwe uthando ukuba umntwana, ukwamkelwa ubuntu bakhe, nobuchule bengqondo kunye nomdla, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo uphuhliso neemvakalelo zakhe volitional.

Umlandeli elisebenzayo seendlela nabantu, eRashiya uba A. S. Makarenko. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba J. Korczak, ogama Ibhayografi edibene Russian, funda umsebenzi Makarenko yaye bayiqonde indlela zakhe ukusebenza nabantwana.

Ixesha emva ekuweni bukhosi

Emva kokuwa koBukhosi Russian, Poland utsho ukuzimela yayo. J. Korczak ngeli xesha na ngaphambili njengoko ugqirha yasemkhosini. Noko ke, urhulumente we-Polish Republic umbhali oselula ingabuyeli abantwana bakhe, waphinda ukubiza, ngoku umkhosi Polish, apho sifumana ngumkhuhlane enzima, emva zisekhona ngokungummangaliso.

Xa imfazwe igazi eSoviet-Polish kudambe, Korczak ubuyela iinkedama zakhe, ukuze abaninzi ubashiye.

Yena lugxile onke amandla akhe yokufundisa. Ulungiselela urhulumente umfundi, lipapasha iphephandaba kunye nabantwana (kunye iintatheli nabantwana bebodwa), abhale kakhulu kwaye ipapashe umsebenzi wabo.

Yena lisasazwa iintetho kubafundi. Ekugqibeleni, ngo-1934, eyila imithetho yakhe edumileyo 5 zemfundo, ezo zisekelwe nemfuneko yokuba uthando umntwana, nokubona ukuziphatha kwakhe, ukungabikho ubundlobongela kwezemfundo, efundisa ukunyaniseka kunye nenkqubo engapheliyo ukuba ndingubani.

Le page biography kabuhlungu

Abaninzi azibona Janusz Korczak, kwincwadi engobomi bakhe ethi - proof. Kodwa mhlawumbi vavanyo womeleleyo ubomi bakhe yeSibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi. Oku imfazwe enkulu yesine ngutitshala yobomi. Korczak wacela ukuba avume ukuba ngaphambili njengoko ugqirha, kodwa ngenxa yobudala bakhe wasala e Warsaw.

Amabutho German babenyuka ngokukhawuleza, yaye kungekudala isixeko phantsi umsebenzi.

ugqirha Old kwaye utitshala wenza yonke into kubantwana bakhe, musa ukuva ubunzima emfazwe, kodwa hayi ngamandla akhe. Ukutya isilela, akukho iimpahla kunye abangenazimpahla zifudumeleyo. iinkedama angamaYuda amaJamani ibe intshabalalo ngqo into, ngoko ngokukhawuleza bafudukela kungena Warsaw xian. Korczak wazama ngandlela zonke ukuba phikisa lo, kodwa entolongweni. Kuphuma oku, waya kubantwana bakhe xian, apho wayemise balinde ukufa kwakhe.

impilo feat

Iimeko zokuphila ngokungenabuntu kwi xian, Korczak wazama ukuba ningethi kwaye ngandlela zonke ukuxhasa abo ngubani apho. Noko ke, bayahlelwa oonyana bakhe kokuvalelwa. Ngowe-1942 wafumana umyalelo ukuthunyelwa kwinkampu ekufeni. Kunye abantwana ebekumele ukuba ahambe, yaye bonke ootitshala, kubandakanywa Korczak.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba urhulumente uHitler ngelo xesha wokugqibela kumiswe ukuthumela Korczak eminqubeni, ofuna ukusindisa ubomi umfundisi odumileyo. Noko ke, ugqirha endala wala isigqibo onobabalo onjalo yaye kwabelwane ziyahlelwa abantwana babo. Janusz Korczak wabulawa 1942 kwi ekhethekileyo German eminqubeni Treblinka.