Intaba yaseMekenziev eCrimea

Isikhululo esithi "Mekenzievy Gory" kwisiqithini saseCrimea sisona sikhungo sendawo ekude yeSevastopol. Igama alithethi kakhulu kuninzi, kodwa lihambelana kakhulu nembali yeso sixeko, kunye nomsunguli wayo, indoda eyakwenza okuninzi ukuzalwa kwesi sixeko elwandle, isixeko esiqhawe. Igama lakhe nguFoma Mekenzi. I-Admiral yaseRashiya yangemva, eyalela i-squadron ye-Black Sea Fleet ngo-1873-1876.

Ubume beentaba zaseMekenzian

Ukuphakama kwebala elibanzi, elisemaphandleni aseSevastopol kwi-peninsula yaseCrimea, kuthiwa yiNtabazievy intaba. Ingumlambo ojikelezayo ohlula iindawo eziphezulu zamabhanki anzulu kunye namagatsha ahla enyakatho nasentshonalanga. Iintaba zinyamekile ukusuka ngasenyakatho kwaye zivela emzantsi.

Zifungelwe ihlathi eliqhekezayo, elixutywe kunye neentlobo zezityalo zepine. Kwintsimi yaseMekenzievy kukho inzala ekhethekileyo yembewu yaseCrimea, ephilisa imbewu yezilwanyana ezinobuninzi behlathi. Izithambeka zeentaba ezivela kude zibonakala zimhlophe ezivela kwiimali ze-marl.

Iintaba zeMekenzievy zise empuma ukusuka kwisikhululo esinegama elifanayo kunye neNtaba Inkerman kwi-Eski-Kermen yasendulo-indawo yokuhlala kwendawo yakudala ehlala kwi-Inner Crimean ridge. Kule ndawo ngumda we sithili saseBakhchsarai kunye neSevastopol. Enyakatho, iintaba zenza umlambo phakathi kwemilambo emnyama ne-Belbek.

F. F. Mekenzi

Nangona i-XVIII inkulungwane iintaba zazigqoka igama lesiTurkey likaKok-Agach, kodwa zaziwa phantsi kwegama elithi Mekenzievy Mountains. Ngubani uF.F. Mekenzy? Uyise wexesha elizayo loMlambo waseMpumalanga wayevela kwiSpeot kwaye wazeka igama likaMack Kenzi. Unyana wakhe uTomas Mack Kenzi wazalelwa enyakatho yeRashiya, ngokweminye imithombo - eArkhangelsk.

Kukho konke, wayebhaptizwa kwicawa yamaOthodoki waza wafumana igama likaTomas, igama lakhe laguqulelwa ngendlela yaseRashiya, kwaye waba nguFoma Mekenzi. Wabhalisa kwinkonzo yemikhosi waza wenza umsebenzi oqaqambileyo-waba ngu-Admiral emva kunye noMlawuli we-Black Sea Squadron.

Igama livela njani

Kwangaphantsi kobunkokheli bakhe ngo-1783, ukucinywa kwehlathi kwaqala kwi-Bay yase-Ahtiar engenakuhlala kunye nokwakhiwa kweenqanawa, isibhedlele, icawa, isakhiwo se-Admiralty kunye nezindlu zokuhlala kwamagosa zaqaliswa. F.F. UMekenzi wayengumlawuli wokuqala wechweba laseSevastopol.

Ngaphantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, kwakhiwa izitya zamatye, apho zatyelela khona ilitye, ukwakha kunye nesithando somlilo esiqhumayo. Kuye kwacwangciswa amashishini amancinci ekwenzeni ezinye izinto eziyimfuneko kwinqwelo-moya. Iifama zokulima zezolimo zadalwa, ezibonelela ukutya kwezibonelelo zabemi kunye neenqwelo. Wayeyindoda elungileyo nekhutheleyo.

Ukuze inkonzo ibe yinzuzo eRashiya, wanikwa umhlaba, apho wasungula ipulazi, eyaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi iMekenzi. Ngenxa yoko igama leentaba lalibonakala, ngenyawo apho lalikho khona, babizwa ngokuba yiintaba zeMekenzievy. Eli gama linxibekwe kwisikhululo sesitimela, esisekupheleni komzi waseSevastopol, oye wadlala kwaye uqhubeka edlala indima ebalulekileyo ebomini besixeko.

Izizathu zokwakhiwa kwesitishi

Isimo somkhosi kwiLwandle oluMnyama sasingenasiphelo. I-Turkey yazama ukubuyela eCrimea, ifakwe kwiRashiya ngo-1783. I-Russia yayidinga iipropati kunye neziseko ezise-peninsula. Ulwakhiwo lwabo nolungiselelo lwaqala. Isixeko esibalulekileyo kwi-peninsula yaseCrimea yayinguSevastopol.

Ukungqubuzana kweRashiya-eTurkish ekuqhubeni ukuya kwimfazwe yokugqibela yaseTurkey ka-1877-1878 kwaphakamisa umbuzo phambi koburhulumente waseRashiya malunga nesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuthatha amanyathelo okubonelela ngokutya kunye nempahla yemikhosi.

Ukwakhiwa kwesitimela saseLozovo-Sevastopol, edibanisa iSavatopol neSimferopol. Ngomhla we-1875, isitimela sokuqala sothutho sanikwa iSastopol. Ngowe-1891, ukwakhiwa kwesitishi kwi-peninsula yaseCrimea iMekenzievy Gory yaqala. I-Simferopol neSevastopol zixhunyiwe ngokukhuselekileyo.

Indima yesitishi ekukhuseleni iSevastopol

"I-Mekenzievy Mountains", ngaphezu koko, isitishi esisebenzela ichweba, elalizibaluleke kakhulu. Yingakho ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu yamaPatriotic elwa neenxa zonke, ephuma ngo-1941 ukuya ku-1942. Nazi izikhundla eziphambili zemikhosi yaseSoviet, eyayivala loo ngqungquthela ukuya kwicandelo elisenyakatho yeSevastopol Bay.

Ngokukrakra yinto yokulwa ekuqaleni kukaJuni ngo-1942, xa intsimi yesitishi yayidlula kathathu ukusuka kumaSoviet ukuya kumaJamani. Akukude kunye nesitishi yayiyi-battery ye-anti-aircraft ye-365 eyaziwayo, eyalelwe nguLieutenant I.S. Pyanzin.

Isitishi ngokwayo saba isikhumbuzo kwiqhawe kunye nesibindi samajoni aseSoviet kunye nabasemkhosini abalwa kulona kwada kwaphela. Ilizwe lakhe lingqina ukuhlaselwa, ukulwa ngesandla, izenzo zesitimela esinqabileyo uZheleznyakov, umlilo okhuselekileyo weebhetri zokulwa nezindiza kunye neenyembezi ezibuhlungu zokubuyela kwi-July 1942.

Kufuphi nesikhululo samangcwaba "iMekenzievy Mountains". I-Sevastopol iyaqhubeka nokuphuhlisa kwaye apha, ngokutsho kwesigqibo, amangcwaba amatsha aya kwakhiwa, njengoko indala ivalwe. Kwimangcwaba yamandulo ngamangcwaba aqhelekileyo abakhuseli besixeko, abafa ngo-1941-1942 ngexesha lokukhusela iSevastopol. Phantse onke amagama abagcini beesitishi abafayo abhalwe kwiiplati zesicatshulwa esikhumbuzo.

Isikhululo sesitimela

Kwiminyaka emva kwempi, imfuno yesitishi yayihlala inkulu. I-Cargo evela kulo lonke elaseSoviet Union iza apha. Kwaye kuyimfuneko ukubuyisela iSastopol, icala langasenyakatho. Oku kwenziwa ngokukhawuleza kunokwenzeka.

Namhlanje iMekenzievy Gory iyimpahla ye-nodal kunye nesitishi somgibeli kwi-Sevastopol-Simferopol. Isitimela sombane esivela kwiMekenzievy Mountains ukuya kumaqabunga eSimferopol esiteshini. Ngasemva kwalo kwakhiwa isithili esitsha seMekenzievy, esiseNakhimovsky kwisithili saseSevastopol, esilikhulu ezingama-24 ukusuka kwinqanaba lomzi kunye neekhilomitha ezine ukusuka phezulu kwinqaba yaseSevastopol.

Ukubaluleka kwesi sikhululo salo sixeko sikhulu, ngokubhekiselele ekwakhiweni kwechweba elitsha laseAvlita, elinakho ukufumana iinqanawa ezinkulu zamandla. Itholakala kwicala elingasenyakatho ye-bay yaseSebastopol engenaqhwa. Ngaloo ndlela uhamba ngokuthuthwa kokutya okuziinkozo kunye nemveliso yensimbi. Inxalenye esenyakatho yelobu isebenza ngokusisigxina yi-sikhululo. Kwintsimi yesango, kuye kwakhiwa izithuba ezinkulu zokugcina izityalo.